The 
Western Sanitary Commission 



And what it did for the sick and wounded of the 

Union Armies from 1861 to 1865, with 

mention of the services of Companion 

James E. Yeatman therewith 



m^ 



Read before the Commandery of the State of Missouri 

Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States 

February 3, 1906 

By Captain W. R. Hodges 



The 
Western Sanitary Commission 



And what it did for the sick and wounded of the 

Union Armies from 1861 to 1865, with 

mention of the services of Companion 

James E. Yeatman therewith 






Read before the Commandery of the State of Missouri 
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States 

February 3, 1906 

. I- 

By Captain W. R. Hodges 



E631 
■S 



Author 
2 Ai '06 



SANGUINARY CONFLICTS IN MISSOURI. 



WOUNDED BROUGHT TO ST. LOUIS. . 

The Western Sanitary Commission was the result of a 
series of sanguinary conflicts in Missouri during the summer 
of 1861, at Boonville, Dug Spring, Carthage and Wilson's 
Creek. The last named was fought on the 10th of August, 
twelve miles south of Springfield, near the Fayetteville road. 
The wounded of our army, numbering 721 were brought 
all the way from Springfield to Rolla in ambulances and army 
wagons, and thence by rail to St. Louis, and so little prepara- 
tion had been made for such an event there were not additional 
hospital accommodations for so many in the whole city. 
The new House of Refuge Hospital, situated two miles 
south of St. Louis, had been opened by Medical Director 
De Camp, on the 6th of August, under the charge of two 
Surgeons of the regular army, but it was unprovided with 
the requisites for such an emergency. The conditions at 
the time of the arrival of the Wilson's Creek wounded are 
thus described:- "It had neither stoves, nor bedsteads, nor 
beds, nor bedding, nor food, nor nurses, nor anyhing prepared. 
The first 100 arrived at night. They had been brought in 
wagons 120 miles over a rough road, by hurried marches 
suffering for food and water, from Springfield to Rolla, and 
thence by rail to St. Louis and to the station on 14th 
Street. Then, having had nothing to eat for ten hours, 
they were put into furniture cars and carried the remaining 
three miles. Bare floors, bare walls and an empty kitchen 
received them. The kind-hearted Surgeon obtained from 
the neighbors cooked food for their supper, and lost no time 
in getting together the means for their comfort. The poor 
fellows were so shattered and travel-worn that they were 
thankful to get food to eat and hard boards to sleep upon, 



and no word of complaint was heard from them. In the 
course of the week three or four hundred more arrived. 
Conditions were improving, but there was so great a 
difficulty in obtaining what was wanted that many of the 
badly wounded lay in the same unchanged garments in 
which they had been brought from the battlefield three weeks 
before, but in the course of a month all were made comfort- 
able. The sick and wounded continued to arrive and other 
accommodations had to be secured without delay. All the 
wards of the Sisters of Charity Hospital and the City Hos- 
pital were filled. The sad and neglected condition of those 
brought from Springfield excited the sympathies of the pa- 
triotic people. The wounds of many had not been dressed 
since leaving the battlefield; others were suffering from 
unextracted bullets and pieces of shell, and the hospitals were 
unprovided with clothing to substitute for that which in many 
cases was saturated with the blood of their wounds. 

WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION FORMED. 

At that juncture Miss Dix, the philanthropist, was in 
St. Louis, and the suggestion that a Sanitary Commission be 
formed here, to be subordinate to and act in aid of the 
Medical Department, was favorably received and carried 
into immediate effect. An order was issued by General 
Fremont creating the Commission and defining its objects 
and duties, and the members named were James E. Yeatman, 
Carlos S. Greeley, Dr. J. B. Johnson, George Partridge 
and Rev. W. G. Eliot, and it thus remained to the end of 
the war. 

The first important work of the Commission was to fit 
up a new hospital large enough to accommodate 500 patients. 
This was done in the building at the S. W. corner of Broad- 
vv-ay and Chestnut Street, and it was opened September loth 
and placed under the charge of Surgeon John T. Hodgen. 
with a corps of competent assistants. It was called the 
"City General Hospital." In this building the Commission 
had its office in a small room in the second story. Mr. Yeat- 
man gave his entire time to the work from thenceforth until 



the end of the war. He had a man on a salary of $30.00 
per month to act as clerk, porter, store-keeper, and man of 
all work, and each member of the Commission would lend a 
helping hand in unpacking the boxes of sanitary stores 
arriving from New England and the various towns and cities 
of the West, prepared by the wives, mothers, daughters and 
sweethearts of the men at the front. These were distributed 
as needed to the hospitals, camps and regiments in and around 
St. Louis, and to posts in the interior of the State. 

LEXINGTON— DONELSON—SHILOH. 

In September following came the siege and battle of Lex- 
ington, Mo., which threw 300 more wounded into the hos- 
pitals of St, Louis, and within two months five additional 
hospitals were provided. The Commission fitted up two 
hospital cars on the Pacific R. R. with berths, nurses, cook- 
ing arrangements, etc., probably the first of the kind in the 
United States. The Commission continued their voluntary 
labors without abatement ; appeals for contributions were 
made through the newspapers and were generously responded 
to by New England, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michi- 
gan and other western States. 

In February came the battle of Fort Donelson, where 2108 
of our soldiers were wounded. A member of the Com- 
mission, probably Mr. Yeatman, accompanied by physicians, 
nurses, members of the Ladies' Union Aid Society, proceeded 
at once by rail to Cairo and thence by steamer to Paducah, 
with sanitary stores. The wounded had been brought to 
this point. The steamer, "Ben Franklin," was placed under 
their charge, and loaded with wounded, it was brought to 
St. Louis. It was then that the suggestion of hospital steam- 
ers was made by Medical Director Simmons and embodied in 
the report of the Commission, with the pledge that if the 
suggestion were approved the Commission would take the 
whole care and labor of carrying it into execution. The 
plan was approved by General Halleck, and the "City of 
Louisiana" was chartered, and on the 20th of March she was 
thoroughly fitted with beds and commissary stores, the 



Commission completing her outfit at an expense of $3,000. 

Her first trip was to Island No. 10 under the charge of 
Mr. Yeatman, as a great battle was expected there. Soon 
after came the battle of Shiloh, and this boat conveyed 3,389 
patients to northern hospitals. She was soon after pur- 
chased by the Government and re-named the "R. C. Wood" 
in honor of the Assistant Surgeon General of the U. S. army. 

During the month of February, 1863, the Western Sani- 
tary Commission distributed 13,250 articles of hospital cloth- 
ing, food for the sick, bottles of cordials and stimulants, 
etc., and the members labored unceasingly, night and day 
in making the distribution, 

PEA RIDGE. 

TERRIBLE SUFFERING OF THE WOUNDED. 

On the 7th and 8th of March, 1862, the battle of Pea Ridge 
was fought, and 980 Union soldiers were wounded. This 
battlefield was 250 miles distant from Rolla, the railroad 
terminus. The roads were of the worst description, through 
a half-civilized country, mountainous, without bridges, and 
without hotels, stripped of forage for teams, and food for 
men, subject to raids and murders by guerilla bands. It 
was impossible to bring the wounded to St. Louis. The 
army of General Curtiss was deficient in transportation, 
and the Medical Department was most miserably provided 
with means for caring for the wounded. Surgeons were 
without hospitals, clothing, stimulants or bedding for the 
wounded, and the supply of medicines was exceedingly 
limited. The country was thinly settled, mostly log houses, 
with few of the necessaries of life. The Court House at 
Csssville and all the principal dwellings were filled with 
wounded, and the same is true of Keitesville. A few of the 
officers were taken by ambulance to Springfield. The Com- 
mission at once despatched its Agent with hospital supplies 
to the front. In his report he says, "At Cassville I found 
two large tents, six buildings, including the Court House 
and Tavern, used as hospitals. The patients were lying on 



the floors, with a h'ttle straw under them, and with knapsacks 
or blankets under their heads as pillows. They had no com- 
forts of any kind, no change of clothing, but were lying in 
the clothes they fought in, stiff and dirty with blood and soil. 
There were 400 Federal wounded here. The stores were 
turned over to the different hospitals, and never was a pro- 
vision train more joyously greeted by starving men than this 
ample supply of hospital supplies by these sick and wounded 
soldiers The Confederate wounded were treated with the 
same consideration as our own. There were two Confed- 
erate surgeons, and one said to the Agent of the Sanitary 
Commission; "We are Texans. Our army has treated us 
shamefully; they stampeded and left us here with our sick 
and wounded men, and I will tell you, sir, that for two days 
we had nothing to give our poor fellows but parched corn 
and water. Every Federal officer and man has treated us 
like gentlemen, and General Curtiss told me that so long as 
he had a loaf of bread we should have half of it." The 
Agent said, "I visited the hospitals at Pineville. No pro- 
vision had been made by Price, and our scanty supplies had 
been shared with them. For 25 miles around every house 
was a rebel hospital. We had three there then. There 
was at this point a total absence of stimulants and men were 
dying for want of them. In one place I counted the graves 
of 40 of the 3d Iowa Cavalry. 

GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE 
COMMISSION. 

In the meantime the beneficent work of the Commission 
became known throughout the North, and great quantities 
of supplies were received, and during the first eight months 
of its existence, 985 cases of goods from 18 States were 
distributed, and 74 hospitals had been supplied. The dis- 
tribution reached the rate of 17,000 articles per week. 

Early in June, 1862, the destruction of the Confederate 
fleet and the capture of Memphis opened the Mississippi to 
Vicksburg, and an extensive field for the Western Sanitary 
Commission. General hospitals were at once established 



at Memphis, Jackson, Tenn., and Helena, Ark., and abundant 
supplies were sent to all points where needed. 

The army of General Curtiss arived at Helena in July 
after a march of nearly 800 miles by a circuitous route over 
the Ozark mountains and through the bottom lands of 
Arkansas, in a condition of great destitution, and the sani- 
tary stores were received with the strongest expressions of 
gratitude. The great battles in Virginia and Maryland 
had cut off the supplies from the East, and the Commission 
sent 50 boxes of lint, bandages, etc., to Washington. An 
urgent appeal for help was sent out and generously responded 
to. Within a few months nearly $60,000 was received 
from New England. In the fall of 1862 came the operations 
in Arkansas and the battle of Prairie Grove. An agent of 
the Commission at once proceeded to Fayetteville where the 
wounded were taken and supplies were distributed. 

GRANT'S ARMY AT VICKSBURG. 

During February and March, 1863, while the army of 
General Grant was occupying the low region of country 
above Vicksburg, exaggerated reports of sickness among 
the troops were published by northern newspapers. 

Mr. Yeatman went down and made a personal inspection, 
and on his return published an account of his visit. While 
he found a large amount of sickness, his report tended to 
allay undue apprehension. He directed the Agent of the 
Commission to immediately establish his headquarters near 
Vicksburg for the distribution of supplies. After the assault 
by our forces on the 19th and 22nd of May, Mr. Yeatman 
made a second visit in charge of the steamer "Champion," 
accompanied by surgeons and nurses and dressers of wounds 
to the number of 55, taking with him 250 tons of sanitary 
supplies, besides cots, mattresses and everything necessary 
for the care of 1,000 men. At the time of his arrival all sani- 
tary stores were exhausted, and the new supplies were re- 
ceived with gratitude. In his report he said : "Supplies 
were distributed most liberally wherever wanted. Blessings 
were invoked by both surgeons and men for this timely care 



in providing for them, in the great extremity which always 
succeeds a series of battles, and which can only be fully 
provided for in this way. No parched and thirsty 
soil ever drank the dews of heaven with more avidity than 
did those wounded men receive the beneficent gifts and com- 
forts sent to them through this Commission. 114,697 
articles were distributed to General Grant's army prior to the 
fall of Vicksburg. 

SOLDIERS' HOMES ESTABLISHED. 

Mr. Yeatman made a visit to the army of General Grant 
in the winter of 1863, and became satisfied of the necessitv 
for Soldiers' Homes at Memphis, Columbus, Ky., and other 
points, where men were constantly arriving, either going home 
discharged, on furlough, or returning to their regiments, 
being frequently without means to pay hotel expenses, and 
needing a place of refreshment and rest. Through his 
efforts a handsome residence was turned over to the Com- 
mission at Memphis, furnished, and a card was published 
inviting the weary soldiers to partake of its hospitalities. 
Homes were also established at Vicksburg, Helena, New 
Orleans and Cairo by the Commission, and 150,000 soldiers 
were entertained by them. 

AID TO FREEDMEN. 

In addition to its work of ministering to the sick and 
wounded of the western armies and navy, and of promoting 
the health of soldiers in the field, the Western Sanitary 
Commission felt itself called upon to devote a portion of 
its labors to the relief of the 40,000 freedmen along the banks 
of the Mississippi River from Columbus to Natchez. They 
were in a country stripped by the ravages of war, with no 
demand for labor excepting in a few localities, and without 
means of providing for food, clothing and shelter. In 
December, 1863, Mr. Yeatman returned from a special trip 
down the river to ascertain and report the actual conditions. 
He stopped at Island No. 10, Memphis, Helena, Goodrich's 
Landing, Milliken's Bend, Young's Point, the plantations of 



Jeff and Joe Davis, and at Natchez. As an illustration, he 
found at Helena between 3,000 and 4,000 men, women and 
children, part of them living in a place back of the town 
called "Camp Ethiopia," in cast-off tents, caves, shelters of 
brush. Others were in the poorer houses of the town, 16 
to 20 persons in a room, and in huts on the outskirts. The 
able-bodied men were compelled to work on the fortifications, 
in unloading coal and freight from steamboats, teamsters, 
and all manner of fatigue duty, for which they received no 
compensation, through neglect of officers to place them on the 
pay roll, and general indifference of military commanders 
as to their condition. At one time an order was issued 
forbidding their payment on the ground that their former 
masters would have a claim against the Government for 
their services. 



THE LEASING OF PLANTATIONS. 

The terrible destitution and sufferings of these helpless 
people and the injustice to which they were subjected so 
moved the sympathetic heart of Mr. Yeatman, that he went 
to Washington and presented the subject to the Government 
and made "suggestions of a plan of organization for freed 
labor, and the leasing of plantations along the Mississippi 
River." The high character of Mr. Yeatman was so well 
known that his suggestions were received with favor, and 
he was authorized to accompany an agent of the Treasury 
Department to Vicksburg to mature and carry them into 
effect. This trust he accepted, declining an official po- 
sition which was offered him. About 600 plantations were 
leased, wise and humane regulations for the compensation 
of labor were enforced, schools established, and incalculable 
benefits were derived by the colored people who were en- 
couraged in habits of self-reliance and saving. Large 
quantities of sanitary stores were distributed among those 
in dire extremity. From the efforts of Mr. Yeatman in 
this direction, National Freedmen Relief Associations were 
organized all over the Northern States. 

10 



WHITE REFUGEES FROM THE SOUTH. 

Assistance was also rendered to white refugees from the 
South, who came by thousands, many of them women with 
small children, often barefooted and wholy destitute, brought 
by steamers and landed. Their husbands had been killed 
in the war by guerrillas, or conscripted into the rebel 
army. One poor blind woman with six children walked 
all the way from Arkansas to Rolla, her little children leading 
her by the hand all the way over those hundreds of weary 
miles. From Rolla she was brought here by rail as a charity. 
Her youngest children she had never seen as they had been 
born since she became blind. Her children were adopted 
by Dr. Eliot and placed in a Mission School on 8th Street, 
and the mother was sent to a hospital where Dr. Pope per- 
formed an operation ; the cataracts were removed from her 
eyes and her sight restored. Her children were then re- 
turned to her. In consequence of the invasion of Missouri 
by Price in the fall of 1864, thousands of Union refugees, 
wholly destitute, came to St. Louis. The military authori- 
ties authorized a charity ration and shelter, but all other ex- 
penses, clothing, hospital treatment, teachers for the children, 
etc., were borne by the Sanitary Commission. Its area 
of beneficence extended over the vast territory from St. Louis 
to the Gulf of Mexico, and westward to the Rocky Mountains. 
Wherever troops were the Commission forwarded supplies. 
Every call for help from friend or foe was instantly responded 
to. 

ANDERSONVILLE PRISONERS. 

In September, 1864, Mr. Yeatman suggested to General 
Sherman that it might be possible to ship supplies to our 
prisoners at Andersonville, as well as $5,000 or $10,000 in 
money to be expended for them as he might deem necessary. 
General Sherman j-equested that the supplies be sent. They 
were packed in boxes and marked, "Major Gen. W. T. Sher- 
man, for the Andersonville prisoners." The prisoners were 
removed however, on the approach of our army and the boxes 
were returned. The next spring, however, they were re- 

11 



leased and they arrived at Vicksburg in a body on their way 
to the North. The Commission immediately forwarded the 
boxes with their original marks. Mr. Yeatman, in a letter 
to General Sherman, said ; "When they saw the boxes marked 
Gen. W. T. Sherman, for prisoners at Andersonville, the men 
shed tears of gratitude and expressed their joy that 'Uncle 
Billy' had not forgotten them. " 

The reply of General Sherman to the letter of Mr. Yeatman 
reveals the heart of the great general in a light almost hitherto 
unknown. It was within about a month after he had ridden 
at the head of his victorious army down Pennsylvania Avenue, 
amid the plaudits of the multitude. Next to Grant he was 
the Nation's hero. 

It was the hour for exultation. The cause for which he 
fought had won. From a school teacher, obscure and 
unknown, he had become the successful general ; his fame 
for all time was assured. But to his friend, who had given 
four years of his life to the alleviation of the sufferings of 
the victims of war, he opened his inmost heart and cried, 
"Even success most brilliant is over dead and mangled bodies, 
the anguish and lamentations of distant families appealing to 
me for missing sons, husbands and fathers. I confess 
without shame that I am tired and sick of the war." 

No wonder his men called him, affectionately, "Uncle Billy." 

"HEADQUARTERS, MILITARY DIVISION OF THE 
MISSISSIPPI, 

IN THE FIELD, MAY 21, 1865. 

CAMP NEAR ALEXANDRIA, VA. 

"James E. Yeatman, Esq. 

My Dear Friend: On my arrival here from Richmond, 
by land, I found, among many letters, your valued favor of 
May 15, and was glad as you could have been to learn that 
those boxes of stores prepared by you, with such promptness, 
for the Andersonville prisoners, reached them at last. I 
don't think I ever set my heart so strongly on any one thing 
as I did in attempting to rescue those prisoners, and I had 

12 



almost feared that, instead of doing them good, I had actually 
done harm; for they were changed from place to place to 
avoid me, and I could not, with infantry, overtake railroads; 
but at last their prison doors are open, and I do think and hope 
that things have reached a point when further war, or battle, 
or severity, other than the punishment of crime by the 
civil tribunals, is past. 

"I confess without shame, that I am tired and sick of the 
war. Its glory is all moonshine. Even success, the most 
brilliant, is over dead and mangled bodies, the anguish and 
lamentations of distant families, appealing to me for missing 
sons, husbands and fathers. You, too, have seen these things 
and I know you also are tired of war, and are willing to let 
the civil tribunals resume their place ; and, as far as I know, 
all the fighting men of our army want peace. It is only 
those who have not heard a shot, nor heard the shrieks and 
groans of the wounded and lacerated (friend or foe), that 
cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more desolation; 
and so help me God, as a man and a soldier, I will not strike 
a foe, who stands unarmed and submissive before me, but 
will say: 'Go, and sin no more.' 

****** 

"I thank you always for your cordial friendship, which is 

truly reciprocated. 

"W.T. Sherman, 

"Major General." 

THE GREAT SANITARY FAIR. 

In the spring of 1864, a great Fair was held in this city, 
from which the Western Sanitary Commission received 
$554,591 in cash above all expenses. The total receipts of 
the Commision was $4,270,998.55 from its organization to 
the end. A balance of a considerable amount remained on 
hand after the war closed, and homes for the orphans of 
Union Soldiers were established, and children raised and 
educated. Several scholarships were provided for the 

13 



children and descendants of Union Soldiers in Washington 
University for all time, where a collegiate education may be 
had without the cost of tuition. During the past ~ forty 
years scores of bright young men have been the recipients 
of this wise benefaction. The fund is still held by trustees 
and the income is annually divided among the various chari- 
ties of the city, 

IGNORANCE OF SOLDIERS OF WHAT WAS DONE 
FOR THE SICK AND WOUNDED. 

To the great mass of soldiers who served at the front, 
little is known of vast sums contributed by the people of the 
North, or of the noble work done by those who voluntarih 
assisted in the distribution of supplies to the sick and wounded. 
It was a great revelation to me when I happened recently to 
become interested in the history of the Western Sanitary 
Commission, presented to the Commandery by Mr. Yeatman, 
and from which the data for this paper has been taken. It 
is a great pity that the larger part of the soldiers of the 
Union Army should pass away in ignorance of the debt of 
gratitude they owed to those who contributed so lavishly of 
their means and time to the alleviation of suffering and des- 
titution. Whole libraries have been written of the bravery and 
heroic deeds of soldiers in the field, but little is known of 
thousands who were working with loving hearts and willing 
hands to assuage the anguish of the sick and wounded of 
our armies. Hundreds of monuments have been erected 
to the valor of the soldier at the front, but almost nothing has 
been done in commemoration of the noble deeds done by the 
great army of workers at the rear, by the women and men of 
the North. Chief among them all was our Companion 
James E. Yeatman, President of the Western Sanitary Com- 
mission. 

JAMES E. YEATMAN. 

Mr. Yeatman was a Southerner by birth ; a native of 
Nashville, Tenn. His father was a man of wealth, and our 
friend received every advantage of edi' cation and high social 

u 



position. After completing his education, he spent consider- 
able time in foreign travel, and subsequently located in 
St. Louis. He was a staunch Union man when secession 
swept over the South, and was among those most influential 
in preventing the passage of the Ordinance of Secession by 
the Missouri Convention. His high character, wealth and 
standing in the business community gave him great influ- 
ence with the authorities at Washington and enabled him to 
accomplish much good which would have been impossible 
otherwise. 

He gave his entire time and energies for four years to 
the work of the Western Sanitary Commission. He made 
numerous visits to Washington and to the camps of our 
armies, and made reports based upon personal observation. 
and his recommendations were accepted as final and carried 
into effect. 

FIRST MEMBER OF THIRD CLy\SS ELECTED 
BY COMMANDERY. 

When this Commandery was organized twenty years ago, 
a provision of the Constitution of the Order permitted the 
election in the ratio of one for each lOO members, of gentle- 
men, who in civil life had rendered conspicuous service to 
the Union Cause, during the Civil War. James E. Yeatman 
was the first one thought of in that connection. The mem- 
bership was tendered to him and accepted. The member- 
ship of the Third Class was intended for such as he. In after 
years its purpose having been accomplished, the Constitution 
was amended so as to preclude elections of members of this 
class. Mr. Carlos S. Greeley, the Treasurer of the Western 
Sanitary Commission was the second member of the Third 
Class elected by this Commandery. 

Mr. Yeatman's deeds of kindness did not cease with the 
Civil War, nor did they cease until the end of his long life. 
His great heart was ever overflowing with love for his fellow 
men, with scarcely a thought for himself. He lived abstemi- 
ously and at slight expense, but at the end it was found that he 

15 



left no fortune ; his wealth had all been given to the sick and 
unfortunate. I believe that there are few parallels in the 
history of this country. 

BRONZE TABLET SUGGESTED. 

It has been suggested that the Companions of this Coni- 
niandery owe it to themselves, to put into permanent form 
some token of acknowledgment and appreciation of the 
eminent services of Companion James E. Yeatman ; that 
the original members should not pass away without some ex- 
pression of gratitude, and in some way make known to this 
and future generations that they were not indifferent or un- 
mindful of what he had done for them and their suffering 
Comrades. 

A beautiful High School Building has been erected near 
the old Fair Grounds in North St. Louis, as a Memorial to 
our Companion and named the "Yeatman High School." 
It is proposed to place his statue therein, and a series of 
cartoons have been executed by Mr. F. L. Stoddard, a talented 
St. Louis artist, the means being furnished by private sub- 
scription, illustrating scenes in his life and his work in con- 
nection with the Western Sanitary Commission. 

I propose that the Companions of this Commandery place 
upon the walls of the Yeatman High School a bronze tablet 
expressive of their appreciation of his four years' service 
to the sick and wounded soldiers of the Union Armies from 
1861 to 1865. 

So confident was I that you would gladly respond to this 
sentiment, I consulted with the President of the School 
Board the other day, and he said they would be delighted 
to give the tablet a conspicuous place in the Yeatman High 
School. 

Companions who desire to contribute to a fund for this 
purpose, should forward the same to the Recorder. As the 
cost of the tablet will probably not exceed $250.00, large con- 
tributions are unnecessary, but it is most desirable that all 
should feel that they have a personal interest though their 
donations be ever so small. 

16 



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LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



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